Introduction

Welcome to the University of Zimbabwe Library Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics Liaison Page. The Liaison page has been designed to assist academics, researchers and students with academic activities associated the teaching, learning, research, community service, innovation and industrialisation. The Subject Information Specialists for the Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics play a key role in liaising between the faculty staff and students; and the library. Our fundamental task is to synchronise communication between the faculty and the library to ensure seamless support for faculty endeavours drawn from the University mission and strategic goals. Listed for your information are resources and services that include e-books, e-journals, open access resources, training services, these and referencing and citation. We invite you to navigate these via the tabs provided.

Contact information and location 

 

Subject Information Specialist

Ms P. Mwatsiya

pmwatsiya@uzlib.uz.ac.zw

Department Ebook Titles
Finance and Accounting Governance, Risk, and Compliance Handbook: Technology, Finance, Environmental, and International Guidance and Best Practices

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118269213

Accounting in a Nutshell

Financial Management

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780750687386/accounting-in-a-nutshell

Artificial Intelligence for Audit, Forensic Accounting, and Valuation: A Strategic Perspective

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119601906

Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non‐Experts, Third Edition

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119200635

Essentials of forensic Accounting

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119449423

A guide to forensic accounting Investigation

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119200048

Managing the Profitable Construction Business: The Contractor’s Guide to Success and Survival Strategies

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118852453

Operational Excellence: Journey to Creating Sustainable Value

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118990162

Business Enterprise and Management Audit Committee Essentials

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119201472

COSO Enterprise Risk Management: Establishing Effective Governance, Risk, and Compliance Processes

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118269145

Enterprise Risk Management

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119197546

Enterprise Innovation: From Creativity to Engineering

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119145622

Business, Innovation and Responsibility

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119341079

Enterprise Risk Management: A Methodology for Achieving Strategic Objectives

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119197546

Breaking Digital Gridlock: Improving Your Bank’s Digital Future by Making Technology Changes Now, First Edition

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119421900

Creating Strategic Value through Financial Technology

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119318682

Quantitative Financial Risk Management: Theory and Practice

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119080305

Financial Planning Competency Handbook

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119642497

Dynamic Economic Decision Making: Strategies for Financial Risk, Capital Markets, and Monetary Policy

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118273197

Tourism Leisure and Hospitality Studies Sustainability Challenges in the Agro food Sector

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781127371907

A Companion to Tourism

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470752272

The Restaurant, A Geographical Approach: From Invention to Gourmet Tourist Destinations

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119721376

Tourism and Applied Anthropologists: Linking Theory and Practice

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444307412

The Tourist Places of the World

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119706953

Economics and Development Agent‐Based Modeling in Economics

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118945520

Lessons from the Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Our Economic Future

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118266588

Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/0470867167

Handbook of Computational Econometrics

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470748916

Economics and Finance of Risk and of the Future

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119205951

Economics and Finance of Risk and of the Future

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119205951

 

UZ Business School Strategic Business Management: From Planning to Performance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119449492

Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately Held company Equity securities Issued as Compensation

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119448600

The New CEO Corporate Leadership Manual: Strategic and Analytical Tools for Growth

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118268391

Business, Innovation and Responsibility

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119341079

Enterprise Excellence: A Practical Guide to World Class Competition

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470432716

The Value of Business Analytics: Identifying the Path to Profitability

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118983881

 

 

Department Databases E-journal Titles
Finance and Accounting Emerald Group of Publishing Limited

Taylor and Francis Journals

Wiley Online Library (Humanities and Social sciences)

JSTOR

Sage Journals

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal

https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571211198791.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571211198791

Managerial Finance

https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0307-4358

Accounting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1467629x

Financial Accountability & Management

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14680408

Accounting Perspectives

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19113838

Public Budgeting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15405850

Public Budgeting and Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15405850

Accounting History Review

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rabf21

Accounting Forum

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/racc20

Quantitative Finance

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rquf20

Accounting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1467629x

Journal of Forensic Sciences

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15564029

Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970053

The journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970053

Journal of forensic Sciences

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15564029

Accounting and Business Research

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rabr20/

Quarterly Journal of Finance and Accounting

https://www.jstor.org/journal/qjfinacct?refreqid=excelsior%3A47010fadb6b7d70b420dc6ceaccf9a37

Financial Accountability and Management

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14680408

Journal of Accounting Research

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1475679x

Journal of Business Finance and Accounting

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14685957

Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970053

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal

https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570310492335.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570310492335

Business Enterprise and Management Emerald Group of Publishing Limited

Taylor and Francis Journals

Wiley Online Library (Humanities and Social sciences)

JSTOR

Sage Journals

Industry and Innovation

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ciai20

Journal of Human Development and Capabilities

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjhd20

Total Quality Management & Business Excellence

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ctqm20

Business History

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fbsh20

The Service Industries Journal

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fsij20

Accounting, Auditing &

Accountability Journal

https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-09-2012-1106.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-09-2012-1106

International Journal of Auditing

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991123

Risk Management

https://www.jstor.org/journal/riskmanagement?refreqid=excelsior%3A81aca1bbd99096015c7146be216f3e86

Managerial Auditing Journal

https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710741955.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710741955

International Journal of Public Sector Management

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2015-0215.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2015-0215

Journal of Business Economics and Management

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tbem20

Enterprise Information Systems

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/teis20

Tourism Leisure and Hospitality Studies Emerald Group of Publishing Limited

Taylor and Francis Journals

Wiley Online Library (Humanities and Social sciences)

JSTOR

Sage Journals

International Journal of Tourism Research

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15221970

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management

https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910930214.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910930214

Journal of Culinary Science & Technology

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wcsc20

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education

https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uhat20

Food Service Technology

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14715740

Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wqah20

Economics and Development Emerald Group of Publishing Limited

Taylor and Francis Journals

Wiley Online Library (Humanities and Social sciences)

JSTOR

Sage Journals

International Journal of the Economics of Business

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cijb20

Economic Systems Research

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cesr20

International Review of Applied Economics

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cira20

Economics of Innovation and New Technology

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gein20

Journal of Economic Policy Reform

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gpre20

Journal of Economic Issues

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/mjei20

Journal of Economic Studies

https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-09-2015-0167.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-09-2015-0167

Journal of Economic Surveys

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14676419

Journal of Applied econometrics

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991255

UZ Business School Emerald Group of Publishing Limited

Taylor and Francis Journals

Wiley Online Library (Humanities and Social sciences)

JSTOR

Sage Journals

Journal of Behavioral Finance

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/hbhf20

Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/hoce20

Journal of Public Relations Research

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/hprr20

International Studies of Management & Organization

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/mimo20

International Journal of Electronic Commerce

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/mjec20

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development

https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917780.“>https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917780

Creative Industries Journal

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rcij20

Journal of Business Ethics

https://www.jstor.org/journal/jbusiethi?refreqid=excelsior%3A343d97f61bff3f4c731d4c3c043cab80

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

Strategic Change

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tepn20

Journal of Enterprise Transformation

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ujet20

Business, Innovation and Responsibility

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119341079

Journal of Operations Management

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/18731317

Creativity and Innovative Management

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14678691

Business Strategy and the environment

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10990836

Featured books in our Print collection

 

Business accounting by Frank Wood and Alan Sangster

Call Number: HF5635 WOO

 

Costing and management accounting: An introduction by Colin Drury

Call Number: HF5686.C8 DRU

Financial markets and institutions: A European perspective by Jakob de Haan, Sander Oosterloo and Dirk Schoenmaker

Call Number: HG186.A2 HAA

International economics: Theory and Policyby Paul Grugman and Maurice Obstfeld

Call Number: HF1359 KRU

Principles of economics in context by Neva Goodwin et al

Call Number: HB171 GOO

Principles of corporate finance by Richard A. Brealey et al.

Call Number: HG4026 PRI

Principles of marketing by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong

Call Number: HF5415 KOT

Public relations by Edwards L. Bernays

Call Number: HF5381 BER

Strategic marketing management: Planning, implementation and control by Richard M. S, Wilson and Colin Gilligan

Call Number: HF5415.13 WIL

Tourism and entrepreneurship: International perspective by Jovo Ateljevic and Stephen J Page

Call Number: G155.A1 ATE

 

Faculty Business Management Science and Economics Resources

There are many relevant e- journals and e-books available related to business management and economics that are accessible via the UZ website. You visit the address (https://library.uz.ac.zw)  and then under e-resources you click Campus Access or off campus access when you are not within the university campus/ or the university internet network. You will be able to access e-books and e-journals available from the University.  Below is a selection of databases recommended for topics related to business management and economics. Click on any of the databases in order to start accessing e-journals and e-books.

 

E-journal Databases E-book Databases
 Access To Research for Development and Innovation(ARDI)

Emerald Group Publishing

JSTOR

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)

Taylor & Francis

Wiley Online Library

World Bank eLibrary

World Bank Africa Development Indicators

 Wiley Online Library

Project Muse

JSTOR

Ebsco e-Books

Gale Research Complete

Proquest e-Book Central

 

 

 

 

 

 For remote access please log in here: https://uz.remotexs.co

Open Access Resources
Open Access Resources are research materials that have been made available to the general public, free of charge. Open access authors have chosen to share freely, so anyone can use the works legally without permission or fees.
Selected Open Access Resources
Open Access E-journals
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
https://doaj.org/
Nearly 10,000 journals on multiple topics; about half are searchable at the article level.

Google scholar
https://scholar.google.com/
Google Scholar allows you to search across a wide range of academic literature. It draws on information from journal publishers, university repositories, and other websites that it has identified as scholarly.

 

Wiley Open Access
https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-research/open-access/index.html
Wiley Open Access is a program of fully open access journals. All research articles published in Wiley Open Access journals are immediately freely available to read, download and share. The fully open access journals are published in collaboration with authoritative journals and societies as well as supported by internationally renowned editorial board members.
SAGE Open Access
https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/pure-gold-open-access-journals-at-sage
The following lists open access journals published by SAGE. All articles published in the journals provide worldwide, barrier-free access to the full-text of articles online, immediately on publication under a creative commons license. All articles are rigorously peer-reviewed retaining the quality hallmarks of the academic publishing process that authors would experience in publishing in any traditional SAGE journal.

 

SpringerOpen
https://www.springeropen.com/
SpringerOpen, launched in June 2010, includes Springer’s portfolio of 160+ peer-reviewed fully open access journals across all areas of science ranging from very specialized titles to SpringerPlus, our interdisciplinary open access journal that covers all disciplines. SpringerOpen journals and books are made freely and permanently available online immediately upon publication. They are subject to high-level peer review, author and production services ensuring quality and reliability of the work.

 

Open Research Online
http://oro.open.ac.uk/
Open Research Online is the Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs. It is an Open Access resource that can be searched and browsed freely by members of the public.

 

Elsevier A-Z Directory of open access Journals
https://www.sciencedirect.com/browse/journals-and-books
All articles published in Elsevier open access journals are peer reviewed and upon acceptance will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.

 

Open Access E-books
Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
https://www.doabooks.org/doab
The primary aim of DOAB is to increase discoverability of Open Access books. The directory is open to all publishers who publish academic, peer reviewed books in Open Access and should contain as many books as possible, provided that these publications are in Open Access and meet academic standards.

 

E-Books Directory
http://www.e-booksdirectory.com/
E-Books Directory is a free web resource which contains links to free downloadable e-books, technical papers, documents, as well as user contributed content, articles, reviews and comments. E-Books Directory is a service to students, researchers and e-book lovers.

 

InTech Books
https://www.intechopen.com/books
InTech is a pioneer and world’s largest multidisciplinary open access publisher of books covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. Since 2004, InTech has collaborated with 87430 authors and published 2434 books and 6 journals with the aim of providing free online access to research.

  1. Reference Management-referencing, citation and use of electronic reference management software Mendeley and the Harvard citation style.

 

  1. Literature discovery– identifying research topics; planning and performing a literature review; running effective searches using e-resources and staying up to date with chosen research topic.

 

  1. Tools for research Collaboration– using writing collaborative tools such as Google Docs, literature searching collaborative tools like Mendeley, ResearchGate and Academia and using tools for connecting with other researchers.

 

  1. Research Impact tracking– Use of citations and alternative metrics to track research impact using tools such as Google Citations and Social Media metrics

 

  1. Strategies to increaseresearch visibility and discoverability– how to increase the visibility of research outputs through the use of institutional repositories; sharing preprints, establishing online researcher profiles and using social media for research.

 

  1. Publishing in reputable journals– selecting a book publisher and selecting a journal, differentiating predatory, accredited journals, and Open Access routes to getting research output more visible and citable.

 

  1. ResearchCommunication-the training equips researchers on how to communicate their research to a broader audience so as to achieve optimum impact of research findings. It also explores the various ways in which research can be shared.

 

Available trainings can be booked here: https://forms.gle/zkeJRkE1JphNG92f7

How to find business management sciences and economics theses and dissertations in University of Zimbabwe Libraries.

Masters and doctoral theses from the Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics that have been submitted to UZ Library are for most part, available electronically through the UZe-scholar Institutional repository

Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics theses can be located by searching the institutional repository using this link:https://ir.uz.ac.zw/handle/10646/1377

Other UZ theses can also be found through searching the repository by issue date, author, title and subject. Alternatively use a community search including the title of the community for example “Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics “.

In general, UZ Libraries does not keep Undergraduate theses although departments often keep their own copies but these are not reflected in the Libraries’ catalogue.

 

Referencing and citation

Referencing (also known as citation) is the practice used to acknowledge the sources you have used in writing up your assignments or projects. Referencing enables you to refer to, or borrow from, the work of other individuals without being accused of plagiarism. Plagiarism involves the use of someone else’s creative works such as research, writings and ideas and presenting them as your own. This is a dishonest act and considered a serious offence by the University of Zimbabwe.   To avoid plagiarism, it is important to provide proper citation and referencing of the sources used in scholarly work.

Referencing and citation consists of two elements:

  • in-text citations in the body of the paper with the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication
  • an alphabetically arranged reference list at the end of the paper giving full bibliographic details for the in-text citations of the sources you have used in your write up.

The Faculty of Business Management Sciences and Economics use Harvard citation style. This refers to the rules and conventions established for scholarly writing and acknowledging sources used in an assignment or academic piece of work.

Harvard style covers the aspects of scholarly writing most pertinent to writing in sciences, business, economics, engineering, and related fields

For individual or group sessions on using the citation style, book an appointment with a Faculty Subject Information Specialists on the emails provided.

 

 Online Reference Management

Students can also receive training on using open reference management software Mendeley to manage referencing and citation from the Faculty Subject Information Specialists. This reference manager and academic social network can; help you create and manage citations, organize your research, collaborate with others online, find relevant papers based on what you are reading and discover the latest research.

For training you can book an appointment on any of the emails provided on the Faculty Liaison introductory page

Business Management Sciences and Economics Core Textbooks

Financial Accounting and Reporting: A Global Perspective/ Herve Stolowy & Michel J. Lebas.

2013

The re-titled second edition of Corporate Financial Reporting, has become respected and widely used over the four years since it first appeared. This updated and redesigned edition is an introduction to financial accounting for business students who need a global perspective in accounting. Teaches students of financial accounting in international universities or business schools to appreciate, understand and analyze a variety of accounting and reporting issues from a global theoretical and generic point of view

 

Frank Wood’s Business accounting 2/ Frank Wood and Alan Sangster

2012

Business Accounting is the world’s bestselling textbook on bookkeeping and accounting. This volume builds on the clear and straight forward introduction of volume 1 to provide students with coverage of more advance aspects of financial accounting. Each topic is back up by a wealth of worked examples, as well as a rich pool of self assessment material, so that students can monitor their own progress and understanding

 

Frank Wood’s Business accounting 2/ Frank Wood and Alan Sangster

2012

Business Accounting is the world’s bestselling textbook on bookkeeping and accounting. This volume builds on the clear and straight forward introduction of volume 1 to provide students with coverage of more advance aspects of financial accounting. Each topic is back up by a wealth of worked examples, as well as a rich pool of self assessment material, so that students can monitor their own progress and understanding

 

Macroeconomics (8th Edition)/ Andrew B. Abel, Ben Bernanke, Dean Croushore

2005

Abel, Bernanke, and Croushore present macroeconomic theory in a way that prepares students to analyze real macroeconomic data used by policy makers and researchers. With a balanced treatment of both classical and Keynesian economics, the comprehensive coverage makes it easy for instructors to align chapters to fit their own syllabi.

 

Managerial economics: a problem solving approach/ Nick Wilkinson

 

2005

 

This textbook covers all the main aspects of managerial economics: the theory of the firm; demand theory and estimation; production and cost theory and estimation; market structure and pricing; game theory; investment analysis and government policy. It includes numerous and extensive case studies, as well as review questions and problem-solving sections at the end of each chapter. Nick Wilkinson adopts a user-friendly problem-solving approach which takes the reader in gradual steps from simple problems through increasingly difficult material to complex case studies

 

Principles of corporate finance / Richard A. Brealey, Stewart C. Myers, Franklin Allen and Pitabas Mohanty

 

2014

 

The integrated solutions for Brealey’s Principles of Corporate Finance have been specifically designed to help improve student performance, meaning that students are prepared for class and can successfully solve problems and analyse the results. Resources within Connect Finance provide unlimited opportunities for students to practice solving financial problems and apply what they have learned.

 

Principles of marketing / Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong

2016

Principles of marketing helps students master today’s key marketing challenges: to create vibrant, interactive communities of consumers who make products and brands a part of their daily lives. The fifteenth edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect the major trends and forces impacting marketing in this era of customer value and high tech customer relationship.

 

Strategic marketing planning / Colin Gilligan and Richard M.S. Wilson

2009

Strategic Marketing Planning concentrates on the critical planning aspects that are of vital importance to practitioners and students alike. It has a clear structure that offers a digest of the five principal dimensions of the strategic marketing planning process.

 

 

Strategic marketing: planning, implementation and control /Richards MS Wilson, Collin Gilligan

 

2009

 

The book retains the key features that make it essential reading for all those studying the management of marketing:- a strong emphasis on implementation, up to date mini cases, and questions and summaries in each chapter to reinforce key points. Widely known as the most authoritative, successful and influential text in the

sector the new edition remains an irreplaceable resource for undergraduate and graduate students of business and marketing, and students of the CIM Professional Postgraduate Diploma.

 

Understanding the business environment: inside and outside the organisation / Claire Capon

2009

Understanding the Business Environment provides you with a clear and concise introduction to all of the most important activities taking place inside and outside organisations. Written by experienced author and lecturer Claire Capon, this popular textbook examines and explains; how political, economic and social conditions – both nationally and internationally – affect organisations of all types and sizes